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BACKFILL: The replacement of
excavated earth into a trench around and against a basement foundation.
BALCONY: A deck projecting from the wall of a building above ground
level.
BALUSTERS: Usually small vertical members in a railing used between
a top rail and the stair treads or a bottom rail.
BALUSTRADE: A series of balusters connected by a rail; generally
used for porches and balconies.
BANISTER: A handrail with supporting posts used alongside a stairway.
BASEBOARD: The finish board covering the interior wall where the
wall and floor meet.
BASE SHOE: A molding used next to the floor in interior baseboards.
BATT: A roll or sheet of insulation designed to be installed between
members of frame construction.
BATTEN: Narrow strips of wood used to cover joints or as decorative
vertical members over plywood or wide boards.
BATTER BOARD: One of a pair of horizontal boards nailed to posts
set at the corners of an excavation, used to indicate the desired
level, also as a fastening for stretched strings to indicate outlines
of foundation walls.
BAY WINDOW: Any window space projecting outward from the walls of
a building, either square or polygonal in plan.
BEAM: A structural member transversely supporting a load.
BEAM CEILING: A ceiling in which the ceiling beams are exposed to
view.
BEARING PARTITION: A partition that supports any vertical load in
addition to its own weight.
BEARING WALL: A wall that supports any vertical load in addition
to its own weight.
BEECH: A whitish to reddish brown hardwood used especially in construction
for interior and exterior cabinet parts. Blends well with birch
for stained kitchen cabinets and vanities.
BENCH MARK: A mark on some permanent object fixed to the ground
from which land measurements and elevations are taken.
BIRCH: Hard and heavy light reddish brown hardwood. The most widely
used hardwood veneer for flush doors, cabinet work, and paneling.
Mill products include interior trim, floor flooring, sash, and trim.
BLIND NAILING: A method of nailing so
that the nail is not visible.
BOARD FOOT: A method of lumber measurement
using nominal dimensions of 1 in. thick, 12 in. wide, and 12 in.
long, or the equivalent.
BRICK: A solid masonry unit composed
of clay or shale. Formed into a rectangular prism while soft and
burned or fired in a kiln.
BRICK VENEER: A facing of brick laid
against and fastened to sheathing of a frame wall or tile wall construction.
BRIDGING: Small wood or metal members
that are inserted in a diagonal position between the floor joists
at mid-span to act both as tension and compression members for the
purpose of bracing the joists and spreading the action of loads.
BTU (BRITISH THERMAL UNIT): The amount
of heat required to raise one pound of water one degree F.
BUILT-UP ROOF: A roofing composed of
three to five layers of asphalt felt laminated with coal tar, pitch,
or asphalt. The top is finished with crushed slag or gravel. Generally
used on flat or low-pitched roofs.
BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT: The
branch of government in charge of surveying public lands
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