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SADDLE: Two sloping surfaces
meeting in a horizontal ridge, used between the back side of a chimney
or other vertical surface and a sloping roof. Also called a cricket.
SASH: A single light frame containing
one or more lights of glass.
SCUTTLE: A small opening in a ceiling
which provides access to an attic or roof.
SECTION: A rectangular area of land used
in the survey system which is approximately one mile square bounded
by section lines. The section system may then be divided into halves,
quarters, or smaller units. One square mile comprises 640 acres.
SEPTIC TANK: A concrete or steel tank
where sewage is par tially reduced by bacterial action.
SETBACK: A zoning restriction which applies
to the location of the home on a lot.
SETBACK LINES: Lines which indicate the
required distances for the location of a structure in relation to
the boundaries of the property.
SHEATHING: The structural covering, usually
wood boards or plywood, used over studs or rafters of a structure.
Structural building board is normally used only as wall sheathing.
SHED ROOF: A flat roof, slanting in one
direction.
SHIPLAP: Wood sheathing which is rabbeted
so that the edges of the boards make a flush joint.
SHOE MOLD: The small mold against the
baseboard at the floor.
SIDING: The finish covering of the outside
wall of a frame building, whether made of horizontal weatherboards,
vertical boards with battens, shingles, or other material.
SILL: The lowest member of the frame
of a structure, resting on the foundation and supporting the floor
joists or the uprights of the wall. The member forming the lower
side of an opening, as a door sill.
SKYLIGHT: An opening in a roof covered by glass or plastic material
to admit natural light.
SLEEPER: Usually a wood member embedded in concrete, as in a floor,
that serves to support and to fasten subfloor or flooring.
SMOKE CHAMBER: The portion of a chimney flue located directly over
the fireplace.
SOFFIT: Usually the underside of an overhanging cornice.
SOFTWOOD: Wood produced from coniferous
trees or trees that bear cones. Most commonly used as the pines,
but also includes such trees as fir, spruce, redwood, and cedar.
The term has no reference to the actual hardness or softness of
the wood.
SOIL STACK: The main vertical pipe which receives waste water from
fixtures in a building.
SOLAR COLLECTORS: Devices for trapping the sun's energy.
SOLAR RADIATION: The sun's energy.
SOLID BRIDGING: A solid member placed between adjacent floor joists
near the center of the span to prevent joists from twisting.
SPRUCE: Pale yellowish softwood used for general building pur- poses
as planks, dimension stock, and joists. Millwork products include
doors, sash, casing, and trim.
SQUARE: A unit of measure - 100 sq. ft. - usually applied to roofing
material. Sidewall coverings are sometimes packed to cover 100 sq.
ft. and are sold on that basis.
STOOL: The horizontal ledge or strip as part of the frame below
an interior window.
STRETCHER COURSE: A row of masonry in a wall with the long side
of the units exposed to the exterior.
STUCCO: Most commonly refers to an outside plaster made with portland
cement as its base.
STUDS: The vertical framing members of a wall.
SUBELOORING: Any material, usually 1/2
in. plywood, nailed directly to floor joists. The finish floor is
attached over the subflooring.
SUBGRADE: A fill or earth surface upon which concrete is placed.
SUMP: A pit in a basement floor which collects water and into which
a sump pump is placed to remove the water.
SURVEY: A description of the measure and marking of land, including
maps and field notes which describe the property.
SUSPENDED CEILING: A ceiling system supported by hanging from the
overhead structural framing.
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